La décapitation

http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?p=21&cote=44158&do=page

Par Archange - 28/11/2011

Probablement le livre le plus complet sur ce thème. Une somme. Les observations et études sur les corps des guillotinés fourmillent. [/b]

C'a semble très intéressant , pas le temps de lire aujourd'hui , j'y reviendrai .

Il est assez long à lire, il y a des schémas, analyses etc. Il faut s'y prendre en plusieurs fois.

http://www.puf.com/wiki/Autres_Collections:D%C3%A9capitations

http://wikilive.eu/wiki/Paul_Loye

http://books.google.pl/books?id=ZwPrhiFOLowC&pg=PA222&lpg=PA222&dq=paul+loye+decapitation&source=bl&ots=m83rjw5QRe&sig=ctDN1SfAMD-w7yY7USCHNi6irgA&hl=pl&ei=YJ7bSf_EKdPhsAaE2Mn1CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#PPA220,M1

http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/summary/V/8/214

http://theses.ulb.ac.be/ETD-db/collection/available/ULBetd-02052009-110721/unrestricted/These6_IMPRESSION_FIN.pdf

links 2 and 4 the you have to use the key word "loye"

The _Proges Medical_ of July 9th (likely:1886) publishes a paper by Drs. Regnard and Loye on the examination of the head and body of a convict immediately after his decapitation by the guillotine. The prisoner was calm to the last, and not pale, even when his neck was fixed ready to receive the fatal knife. Two seconds after decapitation the cheeks were still rosy, the eyes wide open, with moderately dialated pupils, the mouth firmly closed. No fibrillary contractions could be observed. When the finger was placed close to one eye, no change of expression took place; but on touching an eye or the tips of the lashes, during the first five seconds, the lids closed just as in life. This reflex action could not be elicited from the sixth second after decapitation. The jaws were tightly clenched, and could not be opened by manual force; no similar muscular contraction could be detected in the trunk or extremities.

One minute after death the face began to turn pale, the trunk remained flaccid, the carotids countinuing to throw out blood remaining in the circulatory area. At the end of four minutes the face was quite pale, the upper lids were half closed, the jaws less firmly clenched than before.

Irritation of the cut surfaces of the spinal cord failed to produce reflex movements either in the trunk or on the face. For twenty minutes there was no change; then the necropsy was begun. There were signs of old pleurisy and alcoholism. The heart beat actively. On opening the pericardium, the ventricles and aurcles continued to pulsate for twenty-five minutes; the former then ceased to beat, but the auricles went on for forty minutes longer. Thus the heart beat for an hour after decapitation. Then its chambers were laid open; the left ventricle was firmly contracted, the right relaxed. There was emphysema at the edges of the left lung, as is nearly always observed after death by the guillotine. There were bubbles of air in the vessels of the pia mater, and much air in the subarachnoid space. The knife had passed through the lower part of the fourth cervical vertebra.

These researches show that not a trace of consciousness remains two seconds after beheading; that reflex movements of the cornea can be excited for a few seconds; that the heart may beat for an hour, the auricles continuing to pulsate alone for half that period; and that, putting aside the reflex movements of the eyelid, the contraction of the jaws and the jets of blood from the carotids, it seemed in this case as though a corpse had been decapitated, so inert were the remains of the convict. The entry of air into the inextensible and incompressible cranial cavity, after the escape of blood from its vessels, was only to be expected.

Drs. Regnard and Loye note how calm and free even from physiological death-struggle symptoms is death by the guillotine. There is not even asphyxia; death is rather due to inhibition similar to that described by M. Brown-Sequard in animals who succumb to certain irriations of the nervous system. In this country we take on ourselves the responsibility of destroying ife judicially. That so grave a task should be done as mercifully as possible is self-evident. Hanging is a very different matter from decapitation. Anglo-Saxon sentiment is against the headsman, but surely a contrivance for a "mort calme et sans angonie" might be devised to replace the ill-favored gallows. (BMJ 1887, ii:195)

Does it Hurt to Have Your Head Cut Off?

A very, interesting volume has just been publishod at Paris (Bureaux dv Progress Medical), in which Dr. Paul Lbye,' 'under the title of -' La Morb par la Decapitation,' studies the question as to whether, after decapitation, l conscience survives for a short time in the severed head, and physi cal suftering is /felt in both parts of the ex ecuted body. M. Loye deals simply and solely with the scientific aspect of the [ matter. The present volume is the result of years of scientific experiments made under the shadow of the guillotine as well I as in the laboratory.

Entering the Kingdom of Terror. Every time a head falls under the sword or under bhe executioner's axe, says Dr. Loye, the imagination of the spectators has, in the physiognomy of the victim, looked for proofs of the survival of will and conscience The eyes turned, which was a sign of pain ; the lips moved, which showed they wanted to speak ; the month opened, in order to bite, in a kind of fury. There is not a movement of the face which has not been interpreted an a mark of the continuation of feeling-. And ever since the guillotine mowed down the thousands of multitudes during the Reign ol Terror, scientists have stood their whole intellect on the one question, ' Does consciousness remain after the victim's head i& severed irom the body ?'
Guillotining Dogs. In order to be able to spenk with authority on this gruesome but important subject, Dr. Loye hns devoted much time to the study of decapitation and its immediate consequence?. Before, however, proceeding- to the study of the human victim of the arm of the law, he experimented on a number of dogs. He says :—: — The instrument which I used for separating the head from the trunk is constructed after a model of the guillotine. It is a triangular steel knife surmounted by a lump of lead weighing about 201b; it fell from a height of about three yards on the animal's neck. . . . The animal's head is put into a circular opening formed of two semi-circular boards between which it is firmly fixed. The knife touches the part just in front of the opening and cuts the head entirely off. ... The instrument did its task in less than half a second. In order to make the knife fall it was only necessary to let go the cord by which it was fastened. Notwithstanding the fact that the dog's neck was covered with a good deal of hair, and that its skin was very thick, the cut was absolutely smooth.
Observations After the Death, of a Dog. At the moment when the head falls the mouth is nearly always partly open, as i the animal were breathing deeply. The tongue is pressed against the roof of the j mouth or trembles slightly ; the eyelid are closed and show slight contractions then the eyes open and roll in their sockets upward, downward, and to either side, the pupil is contracted. At the same time the jaws open, then close quickly, and all the facial muscles move in rapid convulsions. , The labial commissures are violently displaced, the nostrils quiver, the lips tremble, and the ears stand up. All these movements together make a fearful grimace, by which the most intense pain and agony seem to be expressed. This first phase lasts about ten seconds, after which a period of repose, lasting about five seconds, commences. Two minutes after decapitation every part of the head becomes rigid and cadaverous.
Eyes They Have and See Not ; Ears, and Hear Not." Besides these obsei vations, which were the same on nearly every dog which Dr. Loye decapitated for scientific purposes, he subjected the head to other tests. But no decapitated dog has ever responded by any special movemenis to the restoratives applied to the nervous senses, whether I whistled or shouted into its ears, passed a striking object before its eyes, irritated its tongue, or tried anything else. All perception of external impressions had ceased. Thus it appears that consciousness disappears immediately after decapitation. The question now arises whether consciousness is only suspended, as in a state of syncope, and can be revived if the head be replaced in the same physiological conditions in which ifc was before ib was separated from the body. But thi& is proved to be impossible and thus the conclusion is arrived at that a dog's head, at all events, does not undergo any more suffering affcer once the fatal blow has fallen, and that any movements are merely muscular.
How Beheaded Ostriches Kan a Race. Af fcer the heads, the trunks of decapitated dogs were subjected to a number of experiments, discussing which Dr. Loye points to the example of the ostriches of the Roman Emperor Gommodus, who amused himself by cutting off with sharpened spear-heads the heads of the ostriches running the race round the circus. To everybody's astonishment, the birds continued to run to the end of the course, while their heads lay at the Emperor's feet. But although no dog has been known to perform such a feat, the trunk is by no means motionless immediately after death. "He rose and jumped, like a frightened steed, Then stretched himself and died." In nearly every case the moment after tho knife had fallen the body of the animal executes several energetic movements with the hind lega and tail.

http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=37&dat=18920704&id=Q1cIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dygDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6079,654354

Le sujet plait encore.

A la fin du nouveau livre de Richard Blake (écrivain anglais récemment porté au pinacle avec ses "Conspiracies of Rome" traduit dans une bonne douzaine de langues en moins d'un an), le héros, Aelric, récupère la te^te du légat du Saint-Père que vient de couper un soldat aux ordres d'Héraclius, ce pour faire une expérience pratique et vérifier si le cerveau vit encore - ce qui est le cas dans le livre.

Aelric aura ensuite l'occasion de consigner Phocas à Héraclius, qui prend lui-me^me une épée pour lui couper le col quand l'ex-empereur en plaisantant demande au nouveau s'il saura mieux gouverner que lui ... (ce qui historiquement vrai).

http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/b/richard-blake/terror-of-constantinople.htm

Impossible de télécharger le livre à partir du lien :

Voir/télécharger mon image

Un message signale que le fichier est endommagé.

Le livre semble intéressant. Comment faire ?

J'ai réussi à télécharger le livre sans problème :

http://web2.bium.univ-paris5.fr/livanc/?cote=44158&do=pdf

Je viens de le lire, ce bouquin... que de délayage!!

http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=BH18981223.2.36&srpos=517&e=-------10--511----0guillotine-all

http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5829988q/f180.image.r=guillotine.langEN

Invité a écrit:

Par Archange - 28/11/2011

Ce lien permet d'accéder au livre :
http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?p=21&cote=44158&do=page

Probablement le livre le plus complet sur ce thème. Une somme. Les observations et études sur les corps des guillotinés fourmillent.

On peut se procurer de ce livre ? car il m'est fort interessant ! , et si je l avais, je l aurais dévoré ! Pourriez vous me dire où pourrait-on l'avoir ? par exemple dans Chapitre.com ? ou autre ? Merci de m'en dire plus

http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?cote=44158&do=chapitre

Voila

Merci beaucoup Piotr de votre information précieuse !

Voilà ce qu'il fallait "couper" au niveau anatomique pour l'exécution...




Assez incroyable !!!!

Bonsoir tof1, pourrais tu m'éclairer s'il te plait ?      
J'ai soif d'apprendre comment ça se passe lors de la décapitation, merci  

Jamais essayé!!!!   

Le dessin montre simplement les parties qui sont coupées lors d'une exécution d'où la nécessite d'un couperet efficace car outre les muscles du cou il y a le tronc qui relie la tête et le corps et c'est du solide!!!

Mais voilà ta réponse est simple et tu m'as éclairée !!!       

Bonsoir tout le monde !

Voici un lien sur la décapitation, une mise à mort aux nombreux visages....


http://m.slate.fr/story/103571/decapitation-mise-mort-nombreux-visages

Docteur Guillotin dit :

« Avec ma machine, je vous fais sauter la tête en un clin d’œil, seule un sentiment de fraîcheure dans le cou.... et vous ne souffrez point ».

Ainsi vu, ne semble pas si douloureuse...

Filomatic a écrit:

Docteur Guillotin dit :
« Avec ma machine, je vous fais sauter la tête en un clin d’œil, seule un sentiment de fraîcheure dans le cou.... et vous ne souffrez point ».

La décollation à la guillotine, c'est comme "un grand souffle froid sur la nuque", selon le témoignage d'un guillotiné.

je vient de relire un vieille article de georges perruchot qui dit que sous desfourneaux il y avais toujours un couteaux de cuisine poster sur la becane. vous pouvez m en dire plus ???